It’s as Mark says, push button start.
Looking at the top in photo no.1 you have battery neutral wire to the left and going down to a brush on the COM. Positive battery wire to the right, going to the push button solenoid and then down to another brush on the COM. So that takes care of the starting.
The item on the left, that looks like three sheets of metal with a bolt through, is a rectifier. Then you have two meters, one for battery charging amps and the other for AC amps or volts? Between the two meters is your AC out?
The two wire-wound tubes in photo no. 2 are resistors. The top one is (normally) for setting battery charge rate and the two ‘bands’ are to set hi/low charge. The bottom resistor is (normally) for setting the no-load voltage for the shunt field winding.
The wiring on your resisters appears to be back-to-front.
I’m not sure what the two boxes are at the bottom. Is one an AC switch or fuse?
Do I see six or seven wires passing through the top box to the genny?
The two thicker ones are for starting (as mentioned above). Then you should have two from the slip rings that go up to the AC out.
The remaining two are from the shunt field winding. Normally this circuit would be from a + brush on the COM, up to the shunt field resistor (adjustable side), out from the other end of the resister, through the shunt field winding and finish at a - brush on the COM.
There would normally only be two wires going to the shunt field resister and then a link to the charge resister. Another wire was added from the early 60’s. This was bonded to the starter winding and ran to the charge resister, doing away with the link and giving ‘seven’ wires through the top box.
Any photos of inside the genny?
Mark.