Author Topic: Semi Closed loop... Anyone tried it?  (Read 34051 times)

mobile_bob

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Re: Semi Closed loop... Anyone tried it?
« Reply #60 on: June 05, 2006, 09:26:18 PM »
"IMO it's people not companies that can make the difference.. "

i would agree with that statement on the surface, but..

companies don't do, make or produce anything, ... people do and having said that consider this

it is damn near impossible today for an individual outside of a corporation to dream up, develop, manufacture and bring to market anything that hasnt been done to some extent better before.

consdering all the time, dollars, equipment etc to develop and get an idea to work, and once having it marketable, you better have deeeeeeep pockets to stand up to all the bureaucratic, regulation, inspection and litigation that will likely follow.

and then how many little guys have the bucks to do all the testing that is required, millions of cycles, millions of hours, or miles or whatever.

sure there is room still for the little guy to come up with some interesting concepts, and maybe a working model, but quite another to get it to pass all the hoops and make it to market.

say one does get past all the hurdles, and has a billion dollar idea or product, then you got the chinese knocking it off before you can gear up to fill the orders.

then from a liability standpoint you are on the hook "cradle to grave" in this country it seems on most stuff.

i fear gone are the days of hundreds of guys building the better mouse trap in their garage, and making money at it.

would that stop me, or rather should it stop you from experimenting?  no!

keep at it, who knows you might be one of the lucky ones and figure out something that hasn't been thought of yet. i just don't think i am that smart or have enough money or time to even entertain such an endevour.

if you do, then God bless you, go forth and prosper

bob g
otherpower.com, microcogen.info, practicalmachinist.com
(useful forums), utterpower.com for all sorts of diy info

GuyFawkes

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Re: Semi Closed loop... Anyone tried it?
« Reply #61 on: June 05, 2006, 10:25:03 PM »
Quote


So you think the big guys have the advantage... OK sometimes this is true... they have more people and $ but they have disadvantages too... I doubt that I'll change you opinion but I'd like to make some points...

My opinion is based one experience, there are areas where the little guy can make a difference, even in automotive engineering, I can even give you a current example, but that idea is nothing if not put into production, and only the big guys can do that, and when they do that they are hard nosed, they do not love their pet project, so lots of ideas fall by the wayside.

You are playing with EGR, good on you.

But I ask a question. Have you any idea just how much research has been done into this, and almost since IC engines came into existence, and have you studied this so you aren't duplicating any dead ends?

Here's a small clue, I know of a man who was doing EGR research on a genuine lister in the 1930s, or rather I know his son, or did.
The application, down a deep hard rock cornish mine shaft pumping water.

He didn't make it.




Quote
I've noticed something on forums... The thinking is different on your side of the pond...
When I first proposed my Injector line heaters one of the biggest critics was a fellow from the UK... Told me they were a waste of time... snake oil... and that I shouldn't be allowed to sell them... something about MOT... I got pissed... WTF is MOT? and why would anyone care if I was selling injector line heaters?.... I offered him a heater for free if he would test it and post the results.. and he took me up on it... now He says he sees some improvements when the lines are heated... better faster starting... less smoke... I know they work because I did some tailpipe testing and HC's went from 26 PPM (without)  to 13 PPM (with) ... 

I'll hazard a guess, if you "presented" them the way you have so far presented this idea, he would have had a hard job understanding how and why it worked, especially if he had no experience of alternative fuels (your marine diesel / bunker oil experience sets you way ahead of the average mechanic in this area) so was just naturally suspicious, like the magnetic fuel line fuel conditioners and 100 mph carburretors people sell....



Quote
When I sold my construction company I started an SOFC company... A few years ago I offered it for sale... An outfit in Italy was interested and flew me over... It was a rather large company and so I asked them what they needed me / my company for? They replyed that for some reason folks on our side of the pond seem to be better at bringing new ideas to fruition... Something about optimism and seeking answers to what sometimes seem like imposible solutions...   

There is an element of truth to that, long list of english inventors and inventions that went to the states to go into production, but back in history the USA was a different market with different forces, nowadays its a more homogenous world market. Ideas pretty much fly everywhere or nowhere.


Quote
BTW I read your blog..  some folks over hear think different than you... I think when it comes to new stuff smaller is better.. most times a few or maybe even one smart guy can accomplish a lot more than an entire team of engineeres... and IMO  it's these individuals who make the difference... not big corperations like Benz...  sure it may be that Benz happens to employ one of these brite folks... and that's where they get new ideas.. But over here it's just as likely that the guy may be on his own...

I don't think smaller is better, or bigger is better, I think better is better.

small or big doesn't enter in to the equation for me, unless it is a pill I have to swallow or a penis enhancement (joke)

I care what works best, and that means best overall in the long run. Including total cost of ownership, downtime, duty cycle, etc etc etc.





Quote
On this side of the pond we still believe in the little guy... that some  guy in his garage  is likely to become the next Bill Gates.. all things are possible and results can be achieved by anyone who is smart enough and willing to invest the time.. ..  it's just a different style of thinking... and IMO a lot better world to live in that the one where the little guy never gets a chance..

your thinking is a couple of decades out of date, as you'll find out if you invent something, then discover half of it is already patented by someone else who didn't invent it, but just owns a shed load of patents so that they are in a position to cross licence with someone else with a shed load of patents.



Quote
BTW most combustion engine advancements came from racing... and an awful  lot of that racing was done by common tinkerers in thier garages.. Big companies came along and copied the ideas... IMO it's people not companies that can make the difference..

take a look at the following, from bill gates himself in 1976



and the reply

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Original Lister CS 6/1 Start-o-matic 2.5 Kw (radiator conversion)
3Kw 130 VDC Dynamo to be added. (compressor + hyd pump)
Original Lister D, megasquirt multifuel project, compressor and truck alternator.
Current status - project / standby, Fuel, good old pump diesel.

MeanListerGreen

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Re: Semi Closed loop... Anyone tried it?
« Reply #62 on: June 06, 2006, 03:53:30 AM »
Ahhhhhhh! ........very interesting tidbits of history!!!!
MLG Gib Key Pullers

Jim Mc

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Re: Semi Closed loop... Anyone tried it?
« Reply #63 on: June 07, 2006, 01:47:08 PM »
...I have very little vollume of air going through the system... maybe 5 CFM @ 2-5 PSI.. If I starv it for air the engine will start making less power.... To calculate  the air required I ran the engine near open rack and kept taking away air untill it started to slow... then added some air back..  that way I know I'm adding enough air for combustion at full power...

Understood.  Suppose you explain how much air you ended up calculating was neded, including the extra air addded back?  Are yu saying the total air input was 5 cfm?  Or is it another number not shown in your post?




GuyFawkes

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Re: Semi Closed loop... Anyone tried it?
« Reply #64 on: June 07, 2006, 02:36:10 PM »
Most engines are "lean burn", that's where the power is.

What matey is playing with is "stoichiometric burn", which isn't suited to heavy diesels or heavy duty motors, just light and medium.

Stoichiometric burn combined with three way catalysts produce a very clean exhaust. Downside is significant power loss compared to lean burn.

Stoichiometric burn with no catalysts actually produces more of some emissions (just less soot, so it LOOKS cleaner) and less power than lean burn.

There is a design for a stoichiometric burn engine with no catalysts that produces very very low emissions. You could theoretically retofit a Lister 6/1 to do this, but you want a 3 or 4 cylinder idealy, equally spaced piston timing, so 120 degree crank for the triple and 90 degree crank for the four pot

Basically you run low and constant RPM, about 250-300 tops, the Lister itself is just a gas engine like a steam engine, no inlet ports as such, you have a specialised pre-combustion chamber that burns injected fuel and injected compressed gas continuously, but slowly and at very low combustion temperatures, expansion takes place and this is then fed to the cylinder to drive the pistons down in series, of course you are absorbing significant amounts of power to drive the compressor and ancilliaries.

The "big lie" with emissions is that you can have either a very clean burning engine, or you can have a very fuel efficient engine, but not both, trying to get both is always a kludge that involves bolting ancilliaries onto the engine like three stage catalysts, in many ways this gives you the worst of both worlds, moderate fuel efficiency, moderate emissions, massive additional expense.

If "fuel shortages" are an issue and you are trying to extract the most energy from a gallon of fuel, you'll go for lean burn and screw the emissions.

====================

Why this isn't going away isn't about diesel engines, it is about petrol / gasoline engines.

Currently petrol engines run somehwere about 10:1 compression ratio give or take a bit, using modern technologies, microprocessor controls and fancy three way catalysers you can up this to about 20:1 reasonably easily, and despite the losses from the ancilliaries still come out ahead of the game in pure fuel economy and efficiency.

Diesel already runs in the region of 20:1, so there is bugger all you can do to it.

SO.

Emissions regulations are designed to force manufacturers and people into a more expensive but more efficient new level playing field where petrol engines will run about 20:1 compression.

Applying these same regs to light and medium diesels is simply there to stop people saying "screw this, I'm buying a diesel car"

Listers were built lean burn and high fuel economy, you can't get from there to a modern emissions friendly diesel, well, you can, but the effort is more than it is worth.

Far easier to reclassify a Lister as something that the regulations do not apply to.

This does appear to be a peculiarly american psychological trait, europeans will automatically look for legal ways around other laws, while americans appear to lower their horns and charge full ahead directly at the laws, trying to change them or wreck them.

Your Indian manufacturers are only there to make money, they will sell and ship you absolutely anything you like, if you are prepared to pay for it.

If all you are prepared to ask for are stationary diesel engines then that is all they will ship you.

A european would be asking the indians to ship him dynamometers, which are emissions exempt, or scientific experimental test beds, which are emissions exempt, or space heaters, which are emissions exempt, etc etc etc.

If you were trying to do something clearly illegal, such as ship something to Iraq that could be used for violent ends, clearly this would be stupid, but you are importing what are very plainly big lumps of cast iron that look like they came out of the ark. Nobody is going to look at them in a packing case and think "hm, these look like rocket launchers"

(try importing ITT reverse osmosis cores from the states to spain during gulf war one, failing, and sending someone to the states by air to buy them and bring them back as hand luggage.....  that presses ALL the buttons of twitchy customs men)

Hell, you'd find it just as easy to get the indians to cast "Lister" into the iron, run over all the paintwork with a blowtorch and get them shipped as antiques for restoration, or just bring them in as parts and ship them to customer that way too.

As long as you can buy diesel without a licence, nobody really cares.

Worst thing you can do IMHO is go cap in hand to the EPA and try and go through the certification process, once you present yourselves to them then they are duty bound to treat you just like any other engine manufacturer or importer.

The analogy here in the UK is if I wanted to run my vehicles on vegetable oil I'd go to the cash and carry and get myself an account and buy bulk, and if anyone asks questions I'm running takeaway chip fryers. What I would not do it tip that veggie oil into my fuel tank in the cash and carry car park and then drive straight to the Ministry of Transport and the VAT man and declare what I had done  and ask pretty please to pay duty on it so I could work within laws that were not written with me in mind in the first place.
--
Original Lister CS 6/1 Start-o-matic 2.5 Kw (radiator conversion)
3Kw 130 VDC Dynamo to be added. (compressor + hyd pump)
Original Lister D, megasquirt multifuel project, compressor and truck alternator.
Current status - project / standby, Fuel, good old pump diesel.

GuyFawkes

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Re: Semi Closed loop... Anyone tried it?
« Reply #65 on: June 07, 2006, 02:40:41 PM »
Extended Abstract -Keynote Address SAElndia Mobility Conference -
January 10-12, 2002, Channai, India

Should heavy-duty natural gas-fueled (NG) engines be lean-burn or stoichiometric fuel metering calibrations? Theoretically lean-burn provides theoretical better fuel efficiency and is the new NG engine design available for the United States and Europe. The stoichiometric engine would provide control of all exhaust emissions including NOx when combined with the proven 3-way catalyst system, and has the potential for better power and performance. This system, however, is not currentlya design option for heavy-duty engines. On
the other hand, the stoichiometric engine dominates for new light-duty vehicles. A dilemma exists -light-duty NG fueled vehicles use the stoichiometric engine for optimal emissions control, power and performance, whereas heavy-duty en- gines do not use this system. This has become my area of personal interest and is the subject of this keynote address.

First some background

A pioneering, if not revolutionary, change in urban transportation fuel occurred in Delhi in the year 2000 with its mandate that natural gas (NG) fuel be used for light-duty vehicles, autorickshaws and buses -37,600 vehicles in all. This mandate has presented a significant challenge to SAE engineers with respect to safety, fuel efficiency, power, emissions control, durability, fitting, maintenance and program planning. The logic analyses with respect to all factors needed for the application of practical retrofit NG fueling and emission control systems to existing and new Delhi vehicles is quite complicated. Nevertheless, despite a rather short time period, progress has been.made, although from what I have read, the topic is still of raging public debate. There are over 1 million NG-fueled vehicles in operation in the world. The leading user
countries are Argentina, Italy, USA, Brazil and Russia. India had about 10,000 NG-fueled vehic.les in 2000 and is probably now in the 4th or 5th posi tion among world leaders. In fact, it seems that mayors and local governments of many world cities are requesting similar action for NG-fueled urban city vehicles.

A NG urban transportation fuel makes very good sense -especially to world cities like Delhi where high populations of heavy-duty vehicles such as buses and delivery vehicles with diesel engines are in all-day use. Heavy-duty diesel engines are long-Iived and last for a generation -30 to 40 years -and contribute to a high percentage of urban black smoke and soot particulate emissions and NOx emissions. NG fuel combined with a closed-loop fuel metering system and 3-way catalyst (TWG) will immediately and dramatically bring black soot and NOx emissions to low levels. Alternately, black soot emissions will be greatly reduced with NG lean-burn fuel metering and a NG oxidation catalyst designed to eliminate HG emissions (especially the gray smoke lube oil generated particulate emissions and formaldehyde - a carcinogen) and CO emissions.

There are other advantages to NG-fueled engines. These include the following:  excellent cold start and transient emissions, zero evaporative emissions, independence from oil supplies, diversity of fuel, proven world supplies and 20%
lower GO2 emissions. Disadvantages include the following: local supply and distribution is limited, fuel quality can be variable, high pressure storage tanks are required and with contribute to overall system cost, and the small market limits a more desirable amount of engine engineering to achieve optimal results for power, fuel economy and emissions control.

There are many urban NG program issues to consider. Health is the foremost consideration for India citizens when considering alternatives and approaches. India cities are severely polluted by transportation engines and heavy-duty engines are one of the main contributors. Conversion to a NG transportation fuel appears to be an overwhelming first choice1. For the SAE Engineer, there are
many challenges such as: safety, emissions control, energy efficiency, engine power, system cost and competitiveness. These areas compose the professional domain of SAE Engineers in addition to being active, contributing citizens. I am sure many SAE Engineers at this SAE Mobility Conference are engaged one way or the other in contributing to a successful program.

New light-duty natural gas SI vehicles have been designed and sold that utilize closed-loop oxygen-sensor controlled fuel metering systems and TWC emissions control. All major car companies sell GEM NG vehicles. One example is the medium-duty Ford F150 trucks qualified to meet the existing California ultra-low vehicle (ULEV) emission standards for 2000 and 2001. In addition, NG conversion kits that have been designed and proven for conversion of existing vehicles are available from many companies throughout the world. Two types are available: 1) a closed-loop stoichiometric systems with TWC catalysts or 2) an open-loop with oxidation catalysts.

India is making new history in the converting autorickshaws to natural gas fuel. I have nothing to report or question on this matter there being there being no published experience.

1) By 2010 or later clean new diesel engines now under development for USA 2007 and European 2008 regulations may become available to India and other world cities. The subject is complex and I do not include this related subject within the scope of this current discussion.

Publications exploring diesel engine emission control often offer the observation that a diesel engine cannot utilize the proven TWC system for HC, GO and NOx control because the diesel engine cannot be run at the stoichiometric air and  fuel mixture. The question that immediately comes to my mind is - why then is not a stoichiometric air ind fuel mixture a practical approach for a NG  engine? The NG fueled engine does not have this imitation. One intuitive reason would be related to fuel efficiency since this matter is a great  importance to a heavy-duty engine customer. I jid a search and came up with a couple of techni-
cal publications that compared demonstrations of the two systems. There were also some recent lublications of NG engine developments aimed at overcoming design or field problems of early NG engine designs.

The Helsinki Case

The Helsinki LPG and NG fueled urban bus demonstration program started in 1996. It has been followed and reported by Marku Ikonen, VTT Energy, Finland. Three reports were given respectively in Los Angeles, Helsinki, and San Diego about the experience with these gas buses operated in Helsinki over six years. Stoichiometric CNG and LPG fueled buses and lean-burn CNG buses were included in this demonstration. The City of Helsinki has decided to use gaseous fuel powered buses for all downtown lines by 2002-2003 -about 70 to 80 buses. In the first reports the stoichiometric CNG buses had very good in-field performance experience and an expected loss of fuel efficiency compared to diesel engines. The first lean-burn CNG buses did not have good in-field reliability and poorer than expected fuel consumption (these were the EURO-1 design versions but the problems were reported to have been overcome with an advanced EURO-2 lean-burn design). Note: the stoichiometric CNG buses were
removed from the Helsinki program and therefore are no longer followed by VTT -an event of which I was personally saddened.

The Volvo Level 3 (EURO3) CNG and BioGas Engine:
Volvo engines in the Helsinki study above were Level 1 versions. In the interim, Volvo designed Level 2 and 3 gas engines for the EURO2 and EURO3. A paper by C-E Hedberg, Volvo Powertrain, reported on the Level 3 engine development for the Volvo DH10 CNG/BioGas Engine. The design objectives were as follows: 1) reduce NOx and PM emissions, 2) eliminate black smoke  and 3) reduce noise and vibration. The system used the following:

    *

      Spark-ignited combustion
    *

      Inductive ignition coils -each cylinder -with integrated power stages
    *

      Full 24 volt system
    *

      Turbocharger with air cooling and electronically controlled waste gate
    *

      Individual cylinder fuel metering valves - electronically controlled
    *

      Lambda Sonde (oxygen sensor) with linear lean control which gave adaptive control for gas quality, altitude and ambient temperature
    *

      Integrated electronic engine management system -electronic throttle, torque-based control independent of ambient temperature and altitude
    *

      Oxidation catalyst -designed for methane
    *

      EGR (exhaust gas recirculation)


The system test result was 2.0 g/kWh NOx, and <0.05g/kWh PM (both R49/ETC). Quite remarkable.

The Brussels Case

In 1998, G. Lenaers, VITO, reported on a comparison of (1) NG stoichiometric bus equipped with a TWC and (2) NG lean-burn buses equipped with oxidation catalysts compared to a EURO2 diesel engine bus. The buses were operated and emissions tested on three different Brussels bus routes. The NG lean-burn buses had fuel consumption about 112.5% higher than the diesel bus whereas the NG stoichiometric bus was about 125% higher. On the other hand, NOx stoichiometric bus emissions were 2% (0.44 g/km) of that of diesel bus (19.7 g/km) whereas the NG lean-burn buses were 91% and 85% respectively. PM emissions were not measured.

Clearly, a stoichiometric air/fuel calibration and TWC can reduce NOx emissions to very low levels compared to the lean-burn calibration.

The DaimlerChrysler NG Engine Design
DaimlerChrysler, Stuttgart, Germany. G. Frankel, et al. The development of the M906 LAG lean-burn natural gas engine with multipoint gas injection.

The purpose of this work was to develop a practical NG engine for use in city vehicles designed for the power and torque of diesel engines. The objective was to achieve engine power and torque as close as possible to that of the Die-
sel OM 906 LA engine -MD = 1100 Nm at n = 1200 rev/min. Power: PE = 205 kW at n = 2300 rev/min. Capacity: 6.88 liter.

Constraints were:

    *

      Retain outside dimensions
    *

      Minimum changes and use of common diesel engine components because of economics of a small engine market
    *

      Lean-burn. Lambda = 1.0 cannot cope with combustion temperature 

Design changes:

    *

      Modern boost system
    *

      Multipoint gas injection -common rail
    *

      Single-coil ignition
    *

      CR = 10.5. Higher would exceed voltage capacity of ignition system at peak torque
    *

      VTG turbocharger. Lower back pressure gave 1% improved fuel efficiency over a wide range

Achievement:

Emissions: g/Kwh -NOx 2.0, THC 0.75, NMHC 0.05, CO 0.1, PM <0.05.

Switzerland Design. SAE Technical Paper 2000-01-2825, C. Nellen and Konstantinos Boulouchos, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, ETH, Zurich.

Target: Overcome the dilemma between the trade-off of low emissions and high engine efficiency.

Design Selected:

    *

      Exhaust gas recirculation (EGR)
    *

      Stoichiometric Fuel Mixture (Lambda = 1.00)
    *

      3-way Catalytic Converter
    *

      Supercharged and aftercooled for high power and thermal efficiency

Achievement:

    *

      Demonstrated very low engine NOx with cooled EGR compared to lean-burn concept
    *

      NOx at -0.003 g/kWh with TWC
    *

      Compression ratio up to 13.3
    *

      BMEP to 23 Bar -290 kW from 10 liter engine at 1500 rpm
    *

      Engine efficiency -40% at 12 Bar BMEP and 42% at 23 Bar -unrivaled for gas engines
    *

      Practical thermal and mechanical loading
    *

      Robust to gas composition extremes with respect to engine performance and emissions
    *

      Extended field tests underway

The outstanding level of emissions control and high level of engine efficiency in an apparent  practical system has been achieved through engineering and a focus on the desired goal.

Conclusions

    *

      NG is a clean fuel. Wise choice for immediate decrease in urban mobile source emissions. NG exhaust products (SI and compression ignition engines) require catalytic emission control to achieve goal
    *

      NG provides India with a measure of fuel independence and fuels diversity
    *

      Survey shows that heavy-duty CNG engines have been designed with lean-burn calibrations in the U.S and Europe.
    *

      The main reasons are that for stoichiometric calibrations:

       1.

          Cylinder temperatures too high
       2.

          Knock tendency limits high turbocharge pressure that would otherwise yield better engine efficiency
       3.

          Ignition voltage requirement (at high BMEP) exceeds system capability
       4.

          Less favorable theoretical fuel efficiency
       5.

          Small market

    *

      However, an effective NOx emission control system is not yet developed for the lean-burn NG engine
    *

      Initial demonstrations have shown that stoichiometric GNG heavy-duty engines provide good field performance but lower fuel efficiency than lean-burn GNG engines. Very low NOx emissions + HG and CO emissions control are achieved with stoichiometric CNG engines equipped with TWC.
    *

      Recent improved lean-burn GNG engine designs utilizing a lean oxygen sensor have overcome field application problems with good power and less sensitivity to fuel and operating conditions, but lack of NOx emissions control remains.
    *

      A Swiss development program developed a stoichiometric GNG engine approach aimed at solving the traditional fuel efficiency Vs emissions control barrier. The new approach achieved excellent fuel efficiency, power and ultra-low NOx control. The approach is without undue stress on engine components and
      is undergoing additional durability demonstration
    *

      India SAE Engineers - Can the Swiss development be applied to new and/or in-use NG engines and achieve optimal fuel efficiency as well as ultimate HC, GO and NOx emissions control. A problem and a challenge to consider and resolve for India and other countries.
--
Original Lister CS 6/1 Start-o-matic 2.5 Kw (radiator conversion)
3Kw 130 VDC Dynamo to be added. (compressor + hyd pump)
Original Lister D, megasquirt multifuel project, compressor and truck alternator.
Current status - project / standby, Fuel, good old pump diesel.

jimmer

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Re: Semi Closed loop... Anyone tried it?
« Reply #66 on: June 07, 2006, 03:06:35 PM »
To GuyFawkes:

What is your obsession with Fattywaggonman's project?

All of the great inventors of our time had many failures for every success.

Seems like if more of us experimented with our machines we would have a better understanding of their ins and outs.

Academia certainly has a place, even here, but a little bit goes a long way.

Why not just let him experiment away?

jim


GuyFawkes

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Re: Semi Closed loop... Anyone tried it?
« Reply #67 on: June 07, 2006, 04:15:58 PM »
To GuyFawkes:

What is your obsession with Fattywaggonman's project?

All of the great inventors of our time had many failures for every success.

Seems like if more of us experimented with our machines we would have a better understanding of their ins and outs.

Academia certainly has a place, even here, but a little bit goes a long way.

Why not just let him experiment away?

jim



I'm not obsessed.

My professional opinion is that his apparent complete reliance on seat of the pants guesstimates is the core issue, because it means that no-one but himself can really comment, and yet he is apparently asking for comment.

To an outsider such as myself the seat of his ass aspect of his project is by far the most notable and significant aspect.

In my experience the instant these sorts of project are subjected to empirical analysis all the claimed breakthoughs dissapear, to be replaced with exactly the same problems and challenges that everyone else who has attempted to tackle the same problem has encountered.

I'll say it again, I think his willingness to experiment is great, and should be encouraged. Did nobody read the bit I said about he should add a paypal link because I throw him a few bucks now and again? What is that if not support?

But, in exchange for bunging him a few bucks now and again, I want to see numbers.

He is manking many fundamental errors, a classic one is "the exhaust gas looks clean to my eyes, and smells clean to my nose"

Which is great, except most emissions gases are invisible to the human eye and undetectable by the human nose, you could be quadrupling them and have absolutely no idea whatsoever.

The human eye can see white exhaust smoke, which is either too lean or just a very cold day, black smoke, which is too rich, and blue smoke which is oil.

carbon monoxide has NO SMELL and NO TASTE and NO COLOUR
nitrogen monoxide has NO SMELL and NO TASTE and NO COLOUR

and yet this guy is claiming, based upon his eyes and his nose, that his engine modifications have resulted in a cleaner exhaust with less emissions.

sure, he can eventually put an EGA on the engine and get numbers, but he won't know if the drilled depressions or milled slots contributed to the results, or maybe the weather, or maybe the fuel, or maybe contaminants in the ingested air, or anything else.

this is not about invention, or experimentation, or academia, it is about scientific method.

if you do not use a scientific method you will end up like those guys who claiimed they had managed to achieve cold fusion in a bucket of water in a lab.

they couldn't explain how they had done it
they couldn't explain what other possible sources they had eliminated
they couldn't explain to anyone else how to duplicate it.

even if you are doing good work, you just painted yourself with the same tell tale signs all the junk science freaks adorn themselves with, which is a bloody shame, to say the least.

_IF_ he is the one in a million on the right track to stumbling across something no-one else has done before, constructive criticism from the likes of me on a place like this isn't going to stop him, on the contrary, it will help him.

Has he considered the "dead zone" he is creating in those pistons? Surely not, because he would know dead zone can account for up to 20% of emissions.  Wanna eliminate the dead zone, move that top ring WAAAAAY up to the top of the piston.

Google and the Internet isn't everything, there are more things than you can shake a stick at that are very real, and very old, but according to google and the internet do not exist (hell, 1954 engineering diaries is just a wee example, there are NO technical references of note online) but they are out there, I have seen actual piston designs in a range than span either side of what he is fdoing, from milder that his to wilder than his, in litho prints in books 50 / 60 / 70 years old. It ain't new and at didn't work then, why will it work now? because oil is more expensive? because we have finite element modelling on computers? because we have CNC?

no

if you want to boost the emissions performance of the lister(oid) then you are going to have to design an entirely new piston (& rings), very high top ring and top ring set for minimal dead zone, flat as possible to minimise torque losses to the barrel, pay a great deal of attantion to the mechanical interface between piston+rings and barrel (listard coating anyone?) and the real bitch will be designing a new conrod to go with your new piston and keep the whole engine in balance, this alone will reduce emissions by 25%.

--
Original Lister CS 6/1 Start-o-matic 2.5 Kw (radiator conversion)
3Kw 130 VDC Dynamo to be added. (compressor + hyd pump)
Original Lister D, megasquirt multifuel project, compressor and truck alternator.
Current status - project / standby, Fuel, good old pump diesel.

Andre Blanchard

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Re: Semi Closed loop... Anyone tried it?
« Reply #68 on: June 07, 2006, 04:28:16 PM »
Just though I would stick my head up and offer up a little info.
Determining just exactly what is coming out of an engine is a little more involved then just sticking a probe in the tail pipe, that is just a feel good check for an engine that has already been characterized.  Real testing is more on the order of capturing every cubic foot of exhaust gas that comes out of the engine in very large plastic bags so that it can be tested and double checked and tested some more.  And you don't just pump any old air into the engine.
http://www.google.com/search?hs=spJ&hl=en&lr=&client=opera&rls=en&q=engine++emissions+%22bag+test%22&btnG=Search

 Edited: Changed the search to get rid of the "air bag" stuff.
http://www.google.com/search?hl=en&lr=&client=opera&rls=en&q=engine++emissions+%22bag+test%22+-%22air+bag%22&btnG=Search
« Last Edit: June 07, 2006, 04:38:05 PM by Andre Blanchard »
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fattywagonman

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Re: Semi Closed loop... Anyone tried it?
« Reply #69 on: June 07, 2006, 04:31:10 PM »
Quote
Most engines are "lean burn", that's where the power is.

What matey is playing with is "stoichiometric burn", which isn't suited to heavy diesels or heavy duty motors, just light and medium.

Stoichiometric burn combined with three way catalysts produce a very clean exhaust. Downside is significant power loss compared to lean burn.

Well this is sort of correct but not entirely... Here are some things to consider... "stoichiometric burn" or SB... is normally achieved by limiting the intake vollume in some way... Usually a butterfly type valve is used.. Limiting the intake vollume also has the effect of lowering the compression ratio.. which also lowers the expansion ratio... the expansion ratio is where the efficiency lies so SB engine tend to be less efficient... The new DI systems that are being used by outboard manutactures and Audi use ethier air or high pressure to atomise the fuel and have limited if any restricition of the intake charge vollume... kind of a Diesel / Otto hybrid.. exept Otto shouldn't be credited  with the use use of the intake restriction for regulation... I think Benz or Daimel came up with it though I'm not cirtain.. Anyhow... My closed loop engine is still Lean Burn as far as the cycle goes... so no measureable efficiency losses... BTW IMO it would have been better if India had just implemented  Orbital's technology to the existing ifrastructure and not CNG...
http://www.envirofit.org/files/publications/SAE%20SETC%20Design%20of%20a%20Direct%20Injection%20Retrofit%20Kit%20for%20Small.pdf

The close loop system I'm using can be SB (by adding a vollume of air proportional to the fuel being consumed) or LB (by adding more air than is needed for combustion... ethier way you get the benefit of returning unburned fuel (smoke) back to the intake for another chance at combustion..      

GuyFawkes

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Re: Semi Closed loop... Anyone tried it?
« Reply #70 on: June 07, 2006, 05:16:52 PM »


Well this is sort of correct but not entirely...



Fatty, If I lives five miles down the road I could call by and get my hands dirty and you could explain what you were doing and I could show you some old books and we'd both communicate better.

The internet doesn't allow that, so it highlights the old problem with all experimentation and innovation, documented work and observations.

Pictures of your modified piston are nice, I want to know.

a/ Mass of material removed
b/ volume of material removed.
d/ previous and current swept volume and combustion chamber volume
e/ previous and current piston area
f/ previous and current exhaust gas temperatures and fuel used for a given load for a given time
g/ ambient pressure / temp / humidity throughout

These are cheap seat of the ass measurements and documentation to do, and apart from real feel stuff like smell and vibration and so on, go a HELL of a long way towards bridging the gap of not being five miles down the road and able to do hands on.

With JUST those numbers we can do a comparison to getting the same numbers by simply adding a thicker head gasket or base gasket and lowering compression that way, and eliminate the lowered compression aspect of your mods and see what difference the hoped for turbulence makes.

More importantly, YOU can tell, five mods down the line, how this mod compares to the state of affairs after the first mod, and after the second mod, because memory ain't good enough for that and subjective feel certainly ain't good enough for that.
--
Original Lister CS 6/1 Start-o-matic 2.5 Kw (radiator conversion)
3Kw 130 VDC Dynamo to be added. (compressor + hyd pump)
Original Lister D, megasquirt multifuel project, compressor and truck alternator.
Current status - project / standby, Fuel, good old pump diesel.

Jim Mc

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Re: Semi Closed loop... Anyone tried it?
« Reply #71 on: June 08, 2006, 02:25:41 AM »
Well said, Guy. 

Extraordinary claims demand extraordinary proof.


Doug

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Re: Semi Closed loop... Anyone tried it?
« Reply #72 on: June 08, 2006, 02:44:58 AM »
Guy:

Would you mind thumbing over the FAO doc "Wood gas as engine fuel"

http://www.fao.org/documents/show_cdr.asp?url_file=/docrep/t0512e/t0512e00.htm

I am intersted in your take on the injection timing changes, injector and pump modifications and your whole angle on the Stoichiometric burn ratio table.

Not trying to hijack this thread, but some of the piston modifications and injection changes are along the same path.

Doug

fattywagonman

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Re: Semi Closed loop... Anyone tried it?
« Reply #73 on: June 09, 2006, 09:11:53 PM »
For those who might be interested here's some vieo of my IC ericsson cycle engine...

GuyFawkes

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Re: Semi Closed loop... Anyone tried it?
« Reply #74 on: June 09, 2006, 10:05:34 PM »
Guy:

Would you mind thumbing over the FAO doc "Wood gas as engine fuel"

http://www.fao.org/documents/show_cdr.asp?url_file=/docrep/t0512e/t0512e00.htm

I am intersted in your take on the injection timing changes, injector and pump modifications and your whole angle on the Stoichiometric burn ratio table.

Not trying to hijack this thread, but some of the piston modifications and injection changes are along the same path.

Doug



wow, that'll take some reading and digesting, don't hold your breath.. ;)
--
Original Lister CS 6/1 Start-o-matic 2.5 Kw (radiator conversion)
3Kw 130 VDC Dynamo to be added. (compressor + hyd pump)
Original Lister D, megasquirt multifuel project, compressor and truck alternator.
Current status - project / standby, Fuel, good old pump diesel.