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Everything else / Re: Easy PV water heating
« on: May 22, 2022, 08:14:47 PM »
With those 4 panels in series, you could have as much as 1000W with perfect conditions cool and clear, ideal alignment, at roughly 122V. Alas at around that voltage, about 300W. (You can calculate the resistiance of the element and then it's wattage at some other voltage using Ohms law, which I did for your case.) So yes, you can do it, you just won't get as much bang for your buck without switching to a better suited element at 120V. There are solid state relays for up to 250VDC which are well suited, since your open circuit PV voltage would be only 37.8x4= 151.2V. Midnite Solar makes DC rated circuit breakers you could use for manual disconnect.
The practical way to drive the element at it's rated power is to use a 220VAC inverter; there are some all in one, off grid inverters that will operate without batteries. In that case the panels will have to be configured to a voltage that suits the inverter.
I would rather go the straight DC route myself, and just get a 120VAC rated element, which should be cheap enough. It's a perfect match for your 4 panels, and should be quite efficient at a range of sun inputs with no other electronics than the 200V DC SSR (solid state relay) connected through a thermostat to 3-12VDC. An adjustable snap disk type thermostat that can be glued or attached to the water tank, that has contacts rated for low voltage DC is best for long term reliability.
https://www.amazon.com/SSR-25DD-3-32VDC-Output-5-240VDC-Plastic/dp/B08GNSPCND/ref=sr_1_4?crid=3B2GYWD419TQS&keywords=dc+solid+state+relay&qid=1653246620&sprefix=dc+solid+state+relay%2Caps%2C256&sr=8-4
Don't be shy if you need more info.
Bruce
The practical way to drive the element at it's rated power is to use a 220VAC inverter; there are some all in one, off grid inverters that will operate without batteries. In that case the panels will have to be configured to a voltage that suits the inverter.
I would rather go the straight DC route myself, and just get a 120VAC rated element, which should be cheap enough. It's a perfect match for your 4 panels, and should be quite efficient at a range of sun inputs with no other electronics than the 200V DC SSR (solid state relay) connected through a thermostat to 3-12VDC. An adjustable snap disk type thermostat that can be glued or attached to the water tank, that has contacts rated for low voltage DC is best for long term reliability.
https://www.amazon.com/SSR-25DD-3-32VDC-Output-5-240VDC-Plastic/dp/B08GNSPCND/ref=sr_1_4?crid=3B2GYWD419TQS&keywords=dc+solid+state+relay&qid=1653246620&sprefix=dc+solid+state+relay%2Caps%2C256&sr=8-4
Don't be shy if you need more info.
Bruce